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Military 12 gauge cartridges
Military use of combat shotguns through the 20th century has created a need for ammunition maximizing the combat effectiveness of such weapons within the limitations of international law. Twelve gauge has been widely accepted as an appropriate bore diameter to provide an effective number of projectiles within an acceptable recoil. Early 12 gauge popularity for sporting purposes produced a large number of repeating firearms designs readily adaptable to military purposes.〔Canfield, Bruce N. "Combat Shotguns of the Vietnam War" ''American Rifleman'' March 2002 pp.44-47&92-95〕
==United States==
Initial World War I issue with each shotgun was one hundred commercial-production paper-cased shotgun shells containing nine 00 buckshot pellets in diameter. These cartridges became wet in the muddy trench warfare environment; and swelled paper cases would no longer chamber reliably. Full-length brass cartridges proved more resistant to moist field conditions and the repeated loading and unloading during patrols and watches when no ammunition was fired. Some of these early brass cartridges had an unusual saw-tooth crimp.〔Canfield, Bruce N. "Give Us More Shotguns!" ''American Rifleman'' May 2004 pp.58-63〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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